??◆双语阅读
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casting blame is natural: it is tempting to fault someone else for a snafu rather than taking responsibility yourself. but blame is also corrosive. pointing fingers saps team cohesion. it makes it less likely that people will own up to mistakes, and thus less likely that organizations can learn from them. research published in 2015 suggests that a shaggy culture (“it wasn’t me”) shows up in organization performance. organizations whose managers pointed to external factors to explain their failings underperformed organizations that blamed themselves.
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指责是人的本性使然：当出现糟糕局面时，人们总是忍不住想怪罪别人，而不是自己承担责任。但是指责这种行为也有破坏作用。相互责备会削弱团队凝聚力，还会让人们不太可能坦承错误，组织也就不太可能从中吸取教训。2015年发表的研究表明，甩锅文化（“不能怪我”）的影响能体现在股价中。那些管理者用外部因素来为自身不足开脱的公司的业绩不如那些自我检讨的公司。
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some industries have long recognized the drawbacks of fault-finding. the proud record of aviation in reducing accidents partly reflects no-blame processes for investigating crashes and close calls. the national transportation safety board, which investigates accidents in america, is explicit that its role is not to assign blame or liability but to find out what went wrong and to issue recommendations to avoid a repeat.
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一些行业早就认识到挑毛病的弊端。航空业在减少事故方面创下了骄人的记录，部分原因就是坠机和侥幸脱险事故的调查流程采取“不指责”的原则。负责调查美国交通事故的国家运输安全委员会明确表示，它的职责不是指责或归责于某方，而是找出问题所在，并提出建议，避免事故重演。
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the incentives to learn from errors are particularly strong in aviation and health care, where safety is paramount, and lives are at risk. but they also exist when the stakes are lower. that is why software engineers and developers routinely conduct “blameless postmortems” to investigate, say, what went wrong if a website crashes or a server goes down.
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从错误中吸取教训的动机在航空和医疗领域尤为强烈，因为在这些领域，安全至上，人的性命攸关。但当风险较低时，这种举措也存在。这就是为什么软件工程师和开发人员经常进行“无可责的事后分析”来调查，比如，如果网站崩溃或服务器宕机，是哪里出了问题。
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there is an obvious worry about embracing blamelessness. what if the wretched website keeps crashing and the same person is at fault? sometimes, after all, blame is deserved. the line that britain’s aviation regulator draws between honest errors and the other sort is a good starting-point. it promises a culture in which people “are not punished for actions, omissions or decisions taken by them that are commensurate with their experience and training.” that narrows room for blame but does not remove it entirely.
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人们对于接受无可指责的做法有明显的担忧。如果这个糟糕的网站一直崩溃，是同一个人的错呢?毕竟，有时候，责备是应该的。英国航空监管机构在诚实错误和其他错误之间划清界限是一个很好的起点。这家公司践行着一种文化，人们“不会因为与其经验和培训相称的行为、遗漏或决策而受到惩罚”。这缩小了指责的空间，但并没有完全消除指责。
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there are two bigger problems with trying to move away from the tendency to blame. the first is that it requires a lot of effort. blame is cheap and fast: “it was nigel” takes one second to say and has the ring of truth. documenting mistakes and making sure processes change as a result require much more structure.?the second problem is the boss. people with power are particularly prone to point fingers. a recent paper by academics at the university of california, san diego, and nanyang technological university in singapore found that people who are in positions of authority are more likely to assume that others have choices and to blame them for failures.
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发布时间：2023.1.21
作者：business
原文标题：why pointing fingers is unhelpful
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◆词汇积累
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1.snafu
英/ sn??fu? /美/ sn??fu? /
n.（未按计划发生的）混乱（局面）
adj.一团糟的，混乱的，无秩序的
v.使混乱，使一团槽
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2.corrosive
英/ k??r??s?v /美/ k??ro?s?v /
adj.腐蚀的；侵蚀性的
n.腐蚀物
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3.shaggy
英/ ???ɡi /美/ ???ɡi /
adj.蓬松的；表面粗糙的；毛发粗浓杂乱的
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4.paramount
英/ ?p?r?ma?nt /美/ ?p?r?ma?nt /
adj.至为重要的，首要的；至高无上的，权力最大的
n.最高统治者
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5.wretch
英/ ret? /美/ ret? /
n.不幸的人，可怜的人；恶棍，坏蛋，讨厌的人
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6.commensurate
英/ k??men??r?t /美/ k??men??r?t /
adj.相称的；同量的；同样大小的
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◆词组搭配
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1.own up ??坦白；爽快承认
2.point finger ??指责；推卸责任
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◆写作句总结
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原句：the line that britain’s aviation regulator draws between honest errors and the other sort is a good starting-point.
结构：xx is a good starting-point.
例句：using a good study plan is a good starting-point for success in school.????