passage1
注解：标题为赤色，翻译为蓝色，分析为绿色。? ? ? ??①a history of long and effortless success can be a dreadful handicap, but, if properly handled, it may become a driving force.②when the united states entered just such a glowing period after the end of the second world war, it had a market eight times larger than any?competitor，giving its industries unparalleled economies of scale.③its scientists were the worlds best；its workers the most skilled.④1america and americans were prosperous beyond the dre
ams of the europeans and asians whose economies the war had destroyed.
? ? ? ??①it was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowed as other countries grew richer.②just as inevitably, the retreat from predominance proved painful.③by the mid-1980s americans had found themselves at a loss over their fading industrial competitiveness.④some huge american industries, such as consumer electronics, had shrunk or vanished in the face of foreign competition.⑤by 1987 there was only one american television maker left, zenith.⑥(now there is none: zenith was bought by south koreas machine-tool industry was on the ropes.③for a while it looked as though the making of semiconductors, which america had invented and which sat at the heart of the new computer age, was going to be the next casualty.
? ? ? ?①all of this caused a crisis of confidence.② americans stopped taking prosperity for granted.③they began to believe that their way of doing business was failing, and that their incomes would therefore shortly begin to fall as well.④the mid-1980s brought one inquiry afteranother into the causes of americas industrial decline.⑤ their sometimes sensational findings were filled with warnings about the growing competition from overseas.
? ? ? ? ?①how things have changed!②in 1995 the united states can look back on five years of solid growth while japan has been struggling.③(14) few americans attribute this solely to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or the turning of the business cycle.④self-doubt has yieldedto blind pride.⑤
[429 words]
一、文章规划分析
? ? ? ? ? 这篇文章体裁触及美国经济。全文经过描绘二战后到90年代美国经济打开所阅历的“兴隆
——衰退一—复兴”三个期间，证明晰作者在文章首句阐明的观念。考生应根据时刻打开次序这一论说主线来掌控文章的条理。
? ? ? ? ? ?第一段首句：论说作者的观念。第一段②句至段木：描绘二战后美国毫不吃力就获得了经济霸主方位及其缘由。
? ? ? ? ? ?第二至三段：描绘80年代美国经济霸主方位的损失及其影响。第二段运用举例证明法加以证明。第三段分析影响，即美国作出了反思和调整。
? ? ? ? ? ? 第四段：描绘90年代美国经济的复苏?嬷吹拿つ靠醮镄木场８枚巫钪找ひ恍┳业幕袄粗っ髡庵置つ靠醮锏拇嬖凇?br>
11.the u.s.achieved its predominance after world war ii because.
[a]it had made painstaking efforts towards this goal
[b]its domestic market was eight times larger than before
[c]the war had destroyed the economies of most potential competitors
[d]the unparalleled size of its workforce had given an impetus to its economy
11.二战后美国获得霸主方位是因为。
[a]它为完成这一方针付出了艰苦的尽力
[b]其国内商场比早年大8倍
[c]战争摧毁了大大都潜在竞赛对手的经济
[d]空前规划的劳作力推进了其经济的打开
12.the loss of u.s.predominance in the world economy in the 1980s is manifested in the fact that the american.
[a]tv industry had withdrawn to its domestic market
[b]semiconductor industry had been taken over by foreign enterprises
[c]machine-tool industry had collapsed after suicidal actions
[d]auto industry had lost part of its domestic market
12.20世纪80年代美国损失了世界经济霸主方位，可以被实际证明。
[a]电视工业已萎缩到国内商场
[b]半导体作业已被外国公司接收
[c]机床制造业已自撤消亡了
[d]轿车工业失掉了有些国内商场
13.what can be inferred from the passage?
[a]it is human nature to shift between self-doubt and blind pride.
[b]intense competition may contribute to economic progress.
[c]the revival of the economy depends on international cooperation.
[d]along history of success may pave the way for further development.
13.从文章中可以推出啥？
[a]在自我置疑与盲目骄傲之间来回改动是人的赋性。
[b]剧烈竞赛有可以推进经济打开。
[c]经济复苏取决于世界协作。
[d]持续成功的前史可认为进一步的打开铺平路途。
14.the author seems to believe the revival of the u.s.economy in the 1990s can be attributed to the.
[a]turning of the business cycle?
[b]restructuring of industry
[c]improved business management
[d] success in education
14.作者如同认为美国20世纪90年代的经济复苏可以被归结为。
[a]经济的周期性改变
[b]工业改组
[c]公司打点的改进
[d]教育的成功
二、中心词汇与超纲词汇
中心词汇：①.at a loss利诱，不知所措
例：im at a loss what to do next.我对下一步做啥心里没谱。
②.casualty n.
1.[c]（事端或战争中的）伤亡人员
*2.[c]（某特定作业或情况构成的）受害者，损坏物
例：small shops have been a casualty of the recession.小商铺在经济惨白中深受其害。
3.[u]急救室，急诊室
③.fade?
vi.*1.to gradually disappear 逐步不见
例：her beauty has faded a little.她的美貌已有点失容。
2.to become weaker physically（身体）变得虚弱（尤指因而致使沉或去世）
vt.&vi.（使）褪色；（使）失掉光泽
例：the sun had faded the curtains.太阳把窗布晒得褪了色。
④.glowing?a.
1.发红光的，白热的
2.火热赞扬的，热心弥漫的，
例：a glowing account/report热心弥漫的叙说/报导
*3.光亮的，光辉的；
glow v.发热，发光，发红 n.亮光，光辉
⑤.handicap
vt.give or be a disadvantage to sb/sth对（或人、某物）设置晦气条件；被施加晦气条件例：
be handicapped by a lack of education 因文明水平低而吃亏
n.[c]
1.（因为遭到损坏而发生的身体或智力上的）残障，残疾
*2.妨碍，晦气条件
例：illiteracy is a serious handicap in life.不能读写是日子中的严峻妨碍。
3.（竞赛或竞赛中加给强手的）晦气条件（以示公正）
例：she had a handicap of 7 in golf.她在高尔夫球竞赛中让了7杆。
⑥.on the ropes炭炭可危，即将消亡，处于窘境
⑦.predominance n.优势，主导方位；
predominant a.占优势的；首要的；杰出的（predominance? over）
⑧.quick-witted a.机警的，富于机警的
⑨.retreat?
n./vi.
1.[u]（承诺的）撤回，（情绪的）改动，扔掉
例：a retreat from hard-line policies扔掉强硬方针
*2.[c，u]a movement away from a place or an enemy because of danger or defeat 撤离，退避，撤离
例：napoleons retreat from moscow拿破仑从莫斯科的撤离
3.[c]（对某个环境的）躲避，躲避，隐退
⑩.shrink?
vt.&vi.
1.（使）（衣物）缩水
*2.（使）（数量、体积或价值）变小，削减，减小
例：the number of students has shrunk from 120 to 70.学生人数已从120减至70人。
vi.（尤指因惊骇而）畏缩，畏缩
例：i will not shrink from my duties.我不会躲避责任。
⑩①.take for granted?认为是不移至理的
1.take it for granted（that…）认为……是不移至理
*2.take sb/sth for granted（因习认为常）对……不注重，（因视为当可是）不把……当回事例：we take having an endless supply?of clean water for granted.咱们想当然地认为洁清水的供给无量无尽而不予以珍惜。
⑩②.think-tank n.智囊团，思维库
⑩③.yield to
1. to stop resisting屈从，让步
例：he reluctantly yielded to their demands.他不甘心地屈从于他们的需求。
*2.to be replaced by 被……替代
例：barges yielded to road vehicles for transporting goods.在货品运送方面，驳船让位给了公路车辆。
三、阅览答案：c?d b a
四、全文翻译：
? ? ? ?一段毫不吃力就可以获得耐久成功的前史可以变成一种可怕的妨碍，但若处置稳当，它也有可以转化为一种推进力。（句式1）二战结束后，美国刚好进入了这样的一段光辉时期，其时，它具有比任何竞赛者大8倍的商场，使其工业经济抵达了史无前例的规划。（句式2）它已具有世界上最优良的科学家和技能最熟练的工人。美国的国富民强是那些经济遭到战争损坏的欧亚诸国做梦也无法想像的。
? ? ? ?跟着其他国家日益强盛，美国的这一抢先优势逐步减小，这是不可以避免的。抢先优势的损失相同不可以避免地令人感到苦楚。到了80年代中期，面临其日益衰退的工业竞赛力，美国人感到不知所措。面临国外竞赛，一些大型的美国工业，如花费电子业，现已萎缩或关闭。到1987年，美国只剩下zenith这一家电视出产商（如今一家也没有了：zenith已于7月被韩国lg电器公司收购）。外国制造的轿车和纺织品正在大举进入美国国内商场。美国的机床工业也发炭可危。半导体是美国人创造的，并在核算机新年代处于中心方位，但有一段时刻，半导体系造业如同即将变成下一个“受害者”。（句式3）
? ? ? ?一切这悉数引发了一场决心危机。美国不再视昌盛为不移至理之事。他们初步信赖自个的商业运营方法不灵了，也信赖不久他们的收入会因而而降低。80年代中期，我们不断地根究美国工业衰退的缘由。偶尔一些耸人听闻的发现中充溢着对海外竞赛压力日益增加的警告之词。
? ? ? ?情况改变尤为神速！1995年，当日本还在奋力挣扎的时分，美国却可以对五年的安靖打开作一回想了。很稀有美国人将此只是归因于美元价值降低或经济的周期循环这些清楚明晰的缘由。所以，自我置疑被盲目旷达所替代。用哈佛大学肯尼迪打点学院行政院长理查德·卡佛纳的?稻褪牵骸懊拦ひ迪忠训髡似涔婊辛司颍从σ哺槊袅恕薄＃ň涫?）华盛顿特区的智囊团——卡托研讨院的史蒂芬·莫尔也说：“咱们的公司正在前进出产率，作为一个美国人，我感到骄傲。”哈佛商学院的威廉·萨尔曼信赖我们回想这段时期时，将把它视为“美国公司打点的黄金年代”。