2015年考研英语阅览真题(一)text3——出题思路



2015年考研英语阅览真题(一)text3——出题思路缩略图

2015年考研英语阅览真题(一)text3——出题思路
一、文章体裁规划分析
这篇文章选自2014年7月3日《天然》杂志上一篇题为“science joins push to screen statistics in papers”的文章。文章首段提出《科学》杂志将在同行评定中添加计算查看环节;第二三段指出该杂志已树立一个计算审阅小组(sbore)以及促进该小构树立的要素;第四五段两位研讨者对《科学》杂志这一做法予以必定;最终一段必定《科学》杂志做法的一起也指出其存在的缺陷。
出题的思路:咱们采纳的是自上而下的逻辑,在最短的时刻内猜出文章的中心,环绕中心去向置各个疑问。一句话:环绕中心,自上而下,形散而神不散。
一、数一数全文一共由几个期间构成,标上序号,根据文题同序,大约晓得那道题在文章的哪几段内找,全文有6段。
二、最终一题,看看是不是中心主旨题:
35. which of the following is the best title of the text?
[a]science joins push to screen statistics in papers.
[b]professional statisticians deserve more respect.
[c]data analysis finds its way onto editors’ desks.
[d]statisticians are coming back with science
下面哪一项是这篇文章的最佳标题?
a.《科学》杂志参加推进论文计算检查的部队
b.专业的计算学家应得到更多尊敬
c.数据分析变成修改的作业
d.计算学家正跟着《科学》杂志回归
本题型解法:三加一。
1、开宗明义:文章的中心一般在一段,有百分之8十可以;抛砖引玉时:中心在第一段的段尾与第二段的段首句。
2、用串针引线的办法,第一段+各段的中心句(首句)+最终一段的主旨句。
3、最终一段,看看是不是变换论题了。
加一:看看在题干中是不是现已泄露隐秘。读?牡捞庵兄馗吹拇驶蛐砭褪侵行闹髦嫉氖滓谌荨S商飧煽梢钥闯稣馄恼碌闹行闹髦肌?br>
——这就是先看最终一题的缘由。若中心主旨提前断定,其它题就很简略,因为中心抉择悉数。
从大约率作业 :【1段】①the journal science is adding an extra round of statistical checks to its peer-review process, editor-in-chief marcia mcnutt announced today. ②the policy follows similar efforts from other journals, after widespread concern that basic mistakes in data analysis are contributing to the irreproducibility of many published research findings.
①???? 句说the journal science正在做一件事,②the policy前面有个the,指的是与第一句说的是一件事,且后边没有转机,否定。这篇文章归于“开宗明义”型:文章的中心一般在一段,有百分之8十可以,is adding=is doing; statistical checks= statistics in papers
这篇文章的标题是:[a]science joins push to screen statistics in papers.
?
三、听懂人话(看看题干,审题,看教师问了你啥?文章的中心是啥,规划是啥?)
?
31. it can be learned from paragraph 1 that
从第一段可知【? 】
【考点】推理判别,直接找到的不是对的,与中心共同。这篇文章的中心论题:《科学》杂志参加推进论文计算检查的部队。 32. the phrase “flagged up” (para. 2) is the closest in meaning to
与“ flagged up”(第二段)意思最接近的是[?? ]
【考点】词义句意,从“flagged up”这个词义前后夹出它的意思,“flagged up”前面的动词不重要,重要的是后边的up,标明方向。
33. giovanni parmigiani believes that the establishment of the sbore may
乔瓦尼·帕玛强尼认为计算审阅编委会的树立可以会【? 】
实际细节,与中心共同,一个字“好”。
【考点】实际细节,定位点是giovanni parmigiani,sbore;
34. david vaux holds that what science is doing now
大卫·沃克斯认为《科学》杂志如今的做法[? ]
【考点】实际细节,与中心共同,一个字“好”。因标题比照正面,说的是学术而不是政府,本题方向是正面。
31. it can be learned from paragraph 1 that
[a]science intends to simplify its peer-review process.
[b]journals are strengthening their statistical checks.
[c]few journals are blamed for mistakes in data analysis.
[d]lack of data analysis is common in research projects.
从第一段可知【? 】
a.《科学》杂志想要简化其同行评定流程
b.许多杂志正在加强其计算检查
c.鲜有杂志因数据分析差错而遭到责备
d.研讨项目中广泛短少量据分析
【解题办法】推理判别,直接找到的不是对的,与中心共同。这篇文章的中心论题:《科学》杂志参加推进论文计算检查的部队。我只看到[b]journals are strengthening their statistical checks.中含计算检查,与中心共同,断定b.
【解析】一段1句说到,《科学》杂志将在同行评定进程中添加一轮额定的计算检查,即加强了计算检查; ②句紧接着说到,此举仿效了其他杂志的类似做法。由此可知,许多杂志都加强了计算检查,故b选项正确。
?
【1段】①the journal science is adding an extra round of statistical checks to its peer-review process, editor-in-chief marcia mcnutt announced today. ②the policy follows similar efforts from other journals, after widespread concern that basic mistakes in data analysis are contributing to the irreproducibility of many published research findings.
【1段译文】《科学》杂志主编玛西娅·麦克纳特今日宣告,(31)该杂志将在同行评定进程中添加一轮额定的计算检查。这一方针仿效了其他杂志的类似做法。因为之前我们广泛忧虑,数据分析中的根柢差错正致使许多已宣告的研讨作用无法仿制。
32. the phrase “flagged up” (para. 2) is the closest in meaning to
[a]found.?????????????????????? [b]revised.???
[c]marked.????????????????????? [d]stored.
与“ lagged up”(第二段)意思最接近的是[?? ]
a.发现 b.符号 c.批改 d.储存
【解题办法】manuscript will be flagged up for additional scrutiny by sb.
把“flagged up”盖上,视若无睹,可译成:原稿将被做上????? ,以接一些人的修改…。
别离把:a.发现 b.符号 c.批改 d.储存代入,只需“b.符号”说的通。“flagged up”前面的动词不重要,重要的是后边的up,标明方向。只需b可译成往上符号。
?
【解析】题干要害信息为:“ flagged up”和para,2。首要回到二段3句。该句说到,原稿将被 flagged up,以承受额定检查。由此无法得知该短语的意义,故需联络下文。二段4句接着指出,之后将由外部的计算学家来评定这些原稿。由此可推知,二段3④句所述内容为计算检查的具体流程,而 flagged up这一动作是为额定检查效能的。根据常识,应先清楚需要承受检查的稿件规模或数量,对其进行“符号”,然后才干对“已符号”的稿件进行额定评定,故b选项正确。
【考点】词义句意,从“flagged up”这个词义前后夹出它的意思,“flagged up”前面的动词不重要,重要的是后边的up,标明方向。
【2段】①“readers must have confidence in the conclusions published in our journal,” writes mcnutt in an editorial. ②working with the american statistical association, the journal has appointed seven experts to a statistics board of reviewing editors (sbore). ③manuscript will be flagged up for additional scrutiny by the journal’s internal editors, or by its existing board of reviewing editors or by outside peer reviewers. ④the sbore panel will then find external statisticians to review these manuscripts.
【2段译文】“读者必需要对刊登在咱们杂志上的结论有决心,”麦克纳特在一篇社论中写道。经过与美国计算协会协作,该杂志已录用七名专家树立一个计算审阅编委会( sbore)。(32)原稿将被做上符号,以承受杂志内部修改、现有审阅编委会或外部同行评定的额定检查。之后计算审阅编委会的专家将寻找外部的计算学家来评定这些原稿。
?
?
【3段】①asked whether any particular papers had impelled the change, mcnutt said: “the creation of the‘statistics board’was motivated by concerns broadly with the application of statistics and data analysis in scientific research and is part of science’s overall drive to increase reproducibility in the research we publish.”
【3段译文】当被问及是不是有某些特别的论文推进了这一改动时,麦克纳特标明:“计算审阅编委会的树立是科研广泛重视数字计算及数据分析使用的成果,也是《科学》杂志为前进咱们所宣告的研讨作用的可仿制性所做的悉数尽力的一有些.
33. giovanni parmigiani believes that the establishment of the sbore may
[a]pose a threat to all its peers.
[b]meet with strong opposition.
[c]increase science’s circulation.
[d]set an example for other journals.
乔瓦尼·帕玛强尼认为计算审阅编委会的树立可以会【? 】
a.对其同行构成挟制
b.遭受激烈对立
c.添加《科学》杂志的发行量
d.变成其他杂志的榜样
【解题办法】题干要害信息为: giovanni parmigiani定位于四段;与中心共同,一个字“好”。因标题比照正面,说的是学术而不是政府,本题方向是正面,契合这个标准的只需d。
【解析】题干要害信息为: giovanni parmigiani和 the sbore。首要回到四段1句。该句说到, giovanni parmigiani期望编委会“首要发扬征询作用”。由此无法得知 giovanni parmigiani对计算审阅编委会树立的观点,故需联络下文。四段2句说到,他认为《科学》杂志联合创建计算审阅编委会的做法很有可以发生耐久的影响;③句则说到影响的具体体现:这种影响有望延仲到更多想仿效这一做法的出书社(其他杂志)。而值得仿效的一般都是榜样,可见这些杂志将计算审阅编委会的树立视为榜样,故d选项正确。
【4段】①giovanni parmigiani, a biostatistician at the harvard school of public health, a member of the sbore group, says he expects the board to “play primarily an advisory role.” ②he agreed to join because he “found the foresight behind the establishment of the sbore to be novel, unique and likely to have a lasting impact. ③this impact will not only be through the publications in science itself, but hopefully through a larger group of publishing places that may want to model their approach after science.”
【4段译文】哈佛大学公共清洁学院的生物计算学家、计算审阅编委会成员乔瓦尼·帕玛强尼标明,他期望编委会“首要发扬征询作用”。(33)他附和参加编委会是因为他“发现计算审阅编委会树立不和有着新颖、一起的远见,而且很有可以发生耐久的影响。这种影响不但会广泛《科学》杂志上刊发的文章,还有望延伸到更多想仿效《科学》杂志这种做法的出书社。”
【5段】①john ioannidis, a physician who studies research methodology, says that the policy is “a most welcome step forward” and “long overdue.” ②“most journals are weak in statistical review, and this damages the quality of what they publish. ③i think that, for the majority of scientific papers nowadays, statistical review is more essential than expert review,” he says. ④but he noted that biomedical journals such as annals of internal medicine, the journal of the american medical association and the lancet pay strong attention to statistical review.
【5段译文】尽力于研究研讨办法论的约翰·约安尼季斯医生称,该方针是“最受等待的一次跨进”,而且“早该实施了”。他谈道:“大大都杂志在计算检查方面很单薄,而这有损宣告作品的质量。我认为,关于如今大大都科技论文来说,计算检查比专家检查更重要”。不过他指出,一些生物医学杂志,比方《内科医学年鉴》《美国医学协会杂志》和《柳叶刀》等都非常注重计算检查。
34. david vaux holds that what science is doing now
[a]adds to researchers’ workload.
[b]diminishes the role of reviewers.
[c]has room for further improvement.
[d]is to fail in the foreseeable future.
大卫·沃克斯认为《科学》杂志如今的做法[? ]
a.添加了研讨者的作业量
b.削弱了评定人员的作用
c.还有前进空间
d.在可预见的将来会失利
【解题办法】题干要害信息为: david vaux定位于六段;与中心共同,跟老迈走,一个字“好”。因为老迈说好。只需“c.还有前进空间”,方面大耳。
?
【解析】题干要害信息为: david vaux和 science。,首要回到六段3句。该句说到,vaux认为,《科学》杂志将一些论文送交计算学家的主见有必定的优点( some merit),但也有一个缺陷( a weakness):它首要依靠审阅编委会断定“需要审査的论文”。由此可知,此做法的利益多于缺陷且缺陷只需一个,这就阐明其还有改进的空间,故c选项正确。
?
【6段】①professional scientists are expected to know how to analyze data, but statistical errors are alarmingly common in published research, according to david vaux, a cell biologist. ②researchers should improve their standards, he wrote in 2012, but journals should also take a tougher line, “engaging reviewers who are statistically literate and editors who can verify the process.” ③vaux says that science’s idea to pass some papers to statisticians “has some merit, but a weakness is that it relies on the board of reviewing editors to identify ‘the papers that need scrutiny’ in the first place.”
【6段译文】尽力于研究研讨办法论的约翰·约安尼季斯医生称,该方针是“最受等待的一次跨进”,而且“早该实施了”。他谈道:“大大都杂志在计算检查方面很单薄,而这有损宣告作品的质量。我认为,关于如今大大都科技论文来说,计算检查比专家检查更重要”。不过他指出,一些生物医学杂志,比方《内科医学年鉴》《美国医学协会杂志》和《柳叶刀》等都非常注重计算检查。够核实研讨进程的修改参加进来”。(34)沃克斯标明,《科学》杂志将一些论文送交计算学家的主见“有必定的优点,但也有一个缺陷:它首要依靠审阅编委会断定‘需要检查的论文’”。
31. it can be learned from paragraph 1 that
[a]science intends to simplify its peer-review process.
[b]journals are strengthening their statistical checks.
[c]few journals are blamed for mistakes in data analysis.
[d]lack of data analysis is common in research projects.
从第一段可知【? 】
a.《科学》杂志想要简化其同行评定流程
b.许多杂志正在加强其计算检查
c.鲜有杂志因数据分析差错而遭到责备
d.研讨项目中广泛短少量据分析
【解析】一段1句说到,《科学》杂志将在同行评定进程中添加一轮额定的计算检查,即加强了计算检查; ②句紧接着说到,此举仿效了其他杂志的类似做法。由此可知,许多杂志都加强了计算检查,故b选项正确。
32. the phrase “flagged up” (para. 2) is the closest in meaning to
[a]found.?????????????????????? [b]revised.???
[c]marked.????????????????????? [d]stored.
与“ lagged up”(第二段)意思最接近的是[?? ]
a.发现 b.符号 c.批改 d.储存
【解析】题干要害信息为:“ flagged up”和para,2。首要回到二段3句。该句说到,原稿将被 flagged up,以承受额定检查。由此无法得知该短语的意义,故需联络下文。二段②句接着指出,之后将由外部的计算学家来评定这些原稿。由此可推知,二段3④句所述内容为计算检查的具体流程,而 flagged up这一动作是为额定检查效能的。根据常识,应先清楚需要承受检查的稿件规模或数量,对其进行“符号”,然后才干对“已符号”的稿件进行额定评定,故b选项正确。
33. giovanni parmigian
2015年考研英语阅览真题(一)text3——出题思路插图
i believes that the establishment of the sbore may
[a]pose a threat to all its peers.
[b]meet with strong opposition.
[c]increase science’s circulation.
[d]set an example for other journals.
乔瓦尼·帕玛强尼认为计算审阅编委会的树立可以会【? 】
a.对其同行构成挟制
b.遭受激烈对立
c.添加《科学》杂志的发行量
d.变成其他杂志的榜样
【解析】题干要害信息为: giovanni parmigiani和 the sbore。首要回到四段1句。该句说到, giovanni parmigiani期望编委会“首要发扬征询作用”。由此无法得知 giovanni parmigiani对计算审阅编委会树立的观点,故需联络下文。四段2句说到,他认为《科学》杂志联合创建计算审阅编委会的做法很有可以发生耐久的影响;③句则说到影响的具体体现:这种影响有望延仲到更多想仿效这一做法的出书社(其他杂志)。而值得仿效的一般都是榜样,可见这些杂志将计算审阅编委会的树立视为榜样,故d选项正确。
34. david vaux holds that what science is doing now
[a]adds to researchers’ workload.
[b]diminishes the role of reviewers.
[c]has room for further improvement.
[d]is to fail in the foreseeable future.
【解析】大卫·沃克斯认为《科学》杂志如今的做法[? ]
a.添加了研讨者的作业量
b.削弱了评定人员的作用
c.还有前进空间
d.在可预见的将来会失利
题干要害信息为: david vaux和 science。,首要回到六段3句。该句说到,vaux认为,《科学》杂志将一些论文送交计算学家的主见有必定的优点( some merit),但也有一个缺陷( a weakness):它首要依靠审阅编委会断定“需要审査的论文”。由此可知,此做法的利益多于缺陷且缺陷只需一个,这就阐明其还有改进的空间,故c选项正确。
35. which of the following is the best title of the text?
[a]science joins push to screen statistics in papers.
[b]professional statisticians deserve more respect.
[c]data analysis finds its way onto editors’ desks.
[d]statisticians are coming back with science
下面哪一项是这篇文章的最佳标题?
a.《科学》杂志参加推进论文计算检查的部队
b.专业的计算学家应得到更多尊敬
c.数据分析变成修改的作业
d.计算学家正跟着《科学》杂志回归
【解析】一段首要提出《科学》杂志在同行评定进程中添加了计算检查环节;二段则胪陈了计算检查的具体流程;三段提示了计算审阅编委会树立的意图;四至六段别离介绍了不一样领域的专家对计算检查的观点。综上可知,全文环绕《科学》杂志对其宣告的论文进行计算检查这一主题打开论说,故a选项正确。
重难点词汇注解
1.editorial [?ed??t??ri?l] n. 社论,社评
(词根: dit=give,标明;e=out; +ial……的)
向外给出的;editor[n.修改, 修改器, 编者]+ial……的→n.社论 adj.社论的;修改上的
2. board [b??d] n. (木)板; 棋盘; 董事会; (用于机构称号中)委员会; 膳食;
词根:board标明
3. manuscript [?m?njuskr?pt] n. 原稿?
词根:script=write,标明
★prescription? [pr??skr?p?n] n.[医]药方,处方; 处方药; 训令,指示; 法规
(pre=before; script=write,标明)
subscription [s?b?skr?p?n] n.(报刊等的)订阅费; 捐款; (沙龙的)会员费; 捐助;
(sub=under; scrib=write)(低下头签支票)
subscription [s?b?skr?p?n] n.(报刊等的)订阅费; 捐款; (沙龙的)会员费; 捐助;
description [d??skr?p?n] n.描绘;描述;叙说;
describe [d??skra?b]v.描绘;记叙;(de=down;scribe=write)(向下写)
4. scrutiny [?skru?t?ni] n. 细看,细心检查?
5. panel [?p?nl] n. (选定的)专家小组?
6. statistician [?st?t??st??n] n. 计算学家; 计算员
statistical[st? 计算学的(stat=stand)
statistics [st?长于艺术创造的. humanistic人文主义的,人本主义的,人道主义的. statistical mechanics 计算力学.stat=to stand.
?
7. journal [?d???nl] n. (某学科或专业 的)报纸,刊物,杂志?
(journ=day,标明;- al……的)
journalism [?d??:n?l?z?m] n.新闻业; 新闻学(journal杂志,日报+ism作业→n.新闻业,报章杂志)
journalist[?d??:n?l?st] n.新闻作业者,新闻记者;(journ=day,标明;+al……的;+ist人)
8. statistical [st??t?st?kl] adj. 计算的;计算 学的?
9. peer [p??(r)] n. 身份(或方位)相同的 人;火伴?
(peer=pear看见;呈现)凝视, 窥探(平等的人→与……平等)
?
peer: look closely or carefully, esp as if unable to see well.
age peers
peer into细查
peer at: 凝视
peer through: 看穿。
peer pressure [pi? ?pre??] 同辈压力; 同侪压力; 同龄人压力
?
10. irreproducibility [??ri?pr?dju?s??b?l?ti] n. ?不可以仿制性(ir=not)
词根:duce=to lead
introduce [??ntr??dju:s] vt.提出; 介绍; 引入;(intro=within;duce=to lead)
educate[?ed?uke?t] n.教育;抚育(e =out; duce=to lead)(神赐才智,你只是引导)(教育)
education[?ed?u?ke??n] n.教育(educate;-ion后缀)
educe [? duce=to lead)
deduce [d??dju:s]v.推论,演绎(de =down; duce=to lead)(向下引→推论)
deduction [d??d?k?n] n.推论;减法(de+ duce=to lead :-ion后缀)
induce ?[?n?dju:s]v.劝诱,诱导(in =into; duce=to lead)( 引入入→诱导)
product[?pr?d?kt] n.产品,产品(pro=before; duce=to lead)(引出的东西→产品)
productive [pr??d?kt?v] adj.出产的;多产的(product;ive……的)
productivity n.出产力,出产活动(product;ivity表名词)
reduce v.降低,削减(re =back; duce=to lead→往回引→削减)
conduct n.行为;指挥(con =together; duce=to lead) (引导我们一同做→指挥)
seduce v 蛊惑;诱奸(se =away; duce=to lead)(引开→蛊惑)
?
11. impel [?m?pel] v. 促进,教唆?(im进入+pel推)
pel=drive/push,标明
12. motivate [?m??t?ve?t] v. 变成……的动 机;是……的缘由?(mot=move,标明)
13. drive [dra?v] n. 有方案的尽力,运动
14. foresight [?f??sa?t] n. 真知灼见;先见之 明;真知灼见?
15. novel [?n?vl] adj. 新颖的,别致的?(nov新的+el人或物等等→n.[长篇]小说 adj.别致的,新颖的)
16. publication [?p?bl??ke??n] n. 出书物?
17. model [?m?dl] v. 效法;仿照?
18. approach [??pr??t?] n. (思考疑问的) 方法,办法,情绪(proach=near)
19. biostatistician [?ba????st?t??st??n] n. 生物 计算学家?(bio=life,标明)
20. primarily [pra??mer?li] adv. 首要地
21. physician [f??z??n] n. 医生;(尤指)内 科医生?
22. methodology [?meθ??d?l?d?i] n. 一套方 法;办法论?
23. overdue [???v??dju?] adj. 早该发生的; 早应结束的?
(due=owe,标明)
duty [?dju?ti] n.责任; 职务
24. note [n??t] v. 指出;特别说到?
25. biomedical [?ba????med?kl] adj. 生物医(bio=life,标明)
?
26. alarmingly [??lɑ?m??li] adv. 惊人地;吓 人地?
27. take a tough line:采纳强硬的情绪。 line [la?n] n. (尤指揭露标明的)态 度,观点?
28. engage [?n?ɡe?d?] v. 招聘;聘任?( en使……进入状况或加强等意思;gage=to pledge保证)
★engage in参加,从事
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29. literate [?l?t?r?t] adj. 掌控(某个领域或 某方面)常识的;知晓……的?
illiterate [??l?t?r?t] adj.目不识丁的,文盲的(il=not; liter标明)
liberate [?l?b?re?t] vt.解放; 开释; 释出,(liber=free,标明)
★liberal [?l?b?r?l] n.安适主义者;
liberal ?education n.文科教育,一般教育; 通材教育(lib=lit,t与b通假,有文明,才干安适)
30. verify[?ver?fa?] [ ify表动词)

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